基于多目标满意优化的热轧非对称工作辊设计

热轧非对称工作辊可兼顾板形控制和自由规程轧制,其关键参数通常采用经验设计法,缺乏相应的依据.本文提出了热轧非对称工作辊关键参数的理论设计方法.由于设计过程中无法精确给定已知条件,因此把多目标满意优化引入到非对称工作辊的参数设计中,建立了综合满意度目标函数,并用模拟退火遗传算法进行满意度最优值求解.采用满意解代替最优解,使得辊形参数的优化设计结果更具科学性.在某热连轧生产线上的实际应用表明,优化设计的辊形在板形控制和自由规程轧制方面均取得了理想的效果.     

温泉资源对城市温泉酒店客房价格的贡献

温泉资源对城市温泉酒店客房价格有着积极的贡献,但是对贡献作用的定量分析,目前国内学术界尚无相关的研究.分析影响酒店客房价格的主要因素,对影响酒店客房价格外部影响因素进行了统一标准化处理.对影响酒店客房价格的内部因素进行综合与归并,设置了顾客评价修正系数、酒店星级修正系数、酒店区位修正系数、价格决策修正系数.在此基础上,构建温泉资源对温泉酒店客房价格贡献率的数学模型.同时,以福州为例,收集、获取研究对象和比较对象的相关数据,通过对福州市5家温泉酒店和11家非温泉酒店客房价格共55对比较数据的计算,得出福州市温泉资源对温泉酒店客房价格的平均贡献率为7.699%的结论.     

Analysis of structural hot spot stress in orthotropic plates

On the basis of the actual steel deck structure of Taizhou Bridge, this paper carries out hot-spot stress analysis on some key spots by using the finite element model which simulates local structure of orthotropic steel bridge decks. A finite element model is established for local structure of orthotropic steel bridge decks, and in the analysis of linear elasticity of the structure, face load is employed to simulate the loads from vehicle wheels. Analysis results show that main stresses are relatively heavy at the joints between diaphragm plates, top plates and U-shaped ribs and the joints between diaphragm plates and U-shaped ribs. These joints shall be regarded as key points for hot-spot stress analysis. Different mesh densities are adopted in the finite element model and the main stresses at different hot spots are contrasted and linear extrapolation is carried out using extrapolation formulae. Results show that different mesh densities have different influences on the hot-spot stresses at the welded seams of U-shaped ribs. These influences shall be considered in calculation and analysis.     

铸态2．25Cr1Mo0．25V钢的高温热变形行为

采用Gleeble-1500D热模拟试验机,对铸态2．25Cr1Mo0．25V钢在不同温度（950℃,1050℃,1150℃,1250℃）不同应变速率（0．005S-1,0．01S-1,0．1S-1）的条件下做热压缩试验,得到不同条件下的应力应变曲线,并分析热力学参数对曲线的影响。结果表明,随着形变温度的升高和应变速率的减小,流变应力减小,峰值应力和应变降低;确定了热变形激活能和建立了本构方程。     

汽车内板用冷热冲压薄板成形性对比

因生产工艺不同,薄板坯连铸连轧所生产的0.8～3.o mm的热轧产品与待统冲压用冷轧产品存在着一定的差异.从材料的化学成分、力学性能、扩孔性能等方面与冷轧冲压薄板进行对比研究.研究结果表明,两种材料化学成分相近,热轧SPHE薄板因屈服强度过高,r值过小,致使成形性低于冷轧产品.与汽车用冲压材料要求对比结果表明,SPHE板满足汽车用板冲压要求,可在汽车内板采用热轧材料进行“以热代冷”冲压生产.     

热轧带钢高速钢复合轧辊非稳态温度场的数值模拟

在考虑轧辊空转、周向传热、摩擦热、变形热、轧辊和轧件之间传热系数的变化、轧辊物性参数随温度的变化以及轧件在轧制过程中的温降等因素基础上,对1 700 mm热轧带钢R3和F3机架工作辊的非稳态温度场进行数值模拟。研究结果表明:辊内温度变化剧烈区域的深度仅几mm,随深度的增加,温度的变化幅度迅速减小,极值出现的位置逐渐后移;轧辊中心横截面上的温度外高内低,工作层的径向温度梯度远大于辊芯的径向温度梯度;随轧钢数量的增加,温度曲线逐渐上移;沿辊身长度方向,中间温度高,两头温度低;在纯轧阶段,R3机架工作辊的吸热量和散热量比F3机架的小,而间隙阶段的散热量比F3机架的大。     

烟火药水下燃烧高温残渣气泡的动力学模型

为研究烟火药水下燃烧高温残渣与水作用形成的气泡动力学特性,建立了传热、传质数学模型,推导了单个高温残渣气泡的生成模型,计算了生成气泡的半径以及半径的变化率与时间的关系。将计算结果与文献结果进行了比较;并分析了高温颗粒特性对气泡动力学的影响。结果表明,随着时间增加,高温残渣颗粒不断冷却,气泡半径不断增大;但增长速度不断变慢,计算结果与文献结果吻合较好。     

多孔材料热风干燥过程中收缩特性研究

为了更好的研究多孔材料热风干燥过程中内部干燥特性,将干燥过程中整体体积、尺寸收缩比与平均干基含水率的函数关系运用到内部各单元层。以胡萝卜颗粒为例,建立了干燥中物料内部各单元层收缩模型。运用MATLAB编程的方法对胡萝卜颗粒内部各单元层体积和尺寸变化及分布规律进行数值模拟计算。模拟结果表明:片状胡萝卜颗粒在热风干燥过程中随着水分不断对外扩散迁移、干基含水率降低的过程中,表单元层由于水分首先扩散蒸发到热空气中而首先收缩,内部单元层水分滞后扩散蒸发而滞后收缩;外部单元层水分扩散速率大于内部单元层,边界收缩位移量最大。通过实验对模拟结果进行验证,验证结果表明此模型可以用来表述干燥过程中多孔材料内部收缩特性变化规律。     

基于自热修正的SOI NMOSFETs热载流子注入效应寿命预测方法

自热效应SHE（self-heating effect）是SOI MOSFETs可靠性研究的关键问题之一.在热载流子注入HCI（hot carrier injection）应力下会导致自热效应加剧,低估器件工作寿命,使得寿命预测不准.本文提出了一种基于直流HCI应力下的0.18μmPD-SOINMOSFETs可靠性寿命预测方法.通过栅电阻法提取沟道中因自热效应产生的温度,采用自热修正后的衬底电流/漏电流比率模型预测PD-SOI NMOSFETs在正常工作电压下的寿命值,预测结果与未消除自热影响预测出的寿命值存在较大差异,说明自热修正在寿命预测中不可忽略,否则会低估器件的工作寿命.     

Effects of the deep rolling process on the surface roughness and properties of an Al-3vol%SiC nanoparticle nanocomposite fabricated by mechanical milling and hot extrusion

Deep rolling is one of the most widely used surface mechanical treatments among several methods used to generate compressive residual stress. This process is usually used for axisymmetric components and can lead to improvements of the surface quality, dimensional accuracy, and mechanical properties. In this study, we deduced the appropriate deep rolling parameters for Al-3vol%SiC nanocomposite samples using roughness and microhardness measurements. The nanocomposite samples were fabricated using a combination of mechanical milling, cold pressing, and hot extrusion techniques. Density measurements indicated acceptable densification of the samples, with no porosity. The results of tensile tests showed that the samples are sufficiently strong for the deep rolling process and also indicated near 50% improvement of tensile strength after incorporating SiC nanoparticle reinforcements. The effects of some important rolling parameters, including the penetration depth, rotation speed, feed rate, and the number of passes, on the surface quality and microhardness were also investigated. The results demonstrated that decreasing the feed rate and increasing the number of passes can lead to greater surface hardness and lower surface roughness.